CLAUSES & SENTENCE

Characteristic Features Of Clauses

1. A basic sentence is composed of at least one independent clause. A clause is composed of a minimum of a subject and a predicate. Without one of these elements, the clause is ungrammatical.
2.  A subject of a clause is an entity such as a person, a place, an object, or an abstract concept, which acts, is described or is acted upon.
3. A simple subject is the word or group of words acting as a subject. A complete subject is the simple subject and its modifiers. A compound subject consists of two or more nouns or pronouns, linked by either and or or. A complete compound subject includes the compound subject and its modifiers.
4. The subject usually precedes the predicate but not always.The lions ran off. [subject precedes predicate]
5. A predicate of a clause gives information on the subject, either describing it or identifying the action it performs or that is performed upon it (its predicament). The predicate contains the verb in the sentence and objects that are affected by the subject's actions. It usually answers the question What happens/ is described?

6.      A simple predicate consists of only the verb. A complete predicate consists of the verb and its modifiers. A compound predicate consists of two or more verbs with or without objects, or a verb with one object or more, linked by either and or or. A complete compound subject includes the compound predicate and its modifiers.

7. A direct object is a noun, pronoun or group of words acting as a noun that receives the action of a transitive verb without a linking preposition. A direct object answers the question whom? or what?
8.  An indirect object is a noun, pronoun or a group of words acting as a noun that answers the question to whom/what? or for whom/what? the action expressed by a transitive verb was done.
9. In sentences where the indirect object follows the word to or for, always put the direct object before the indirect object. If the indirect object does not follow to or for, put the indirect object before the direct object.

10.    When a pronoun is used as an indirect object, some verbs require to or for before the pronoun, while others do not. Consult a dictionary if you are unsure (the best place to look this up is in the example sentences within the entry of the verb in the dictionary).

11.    When both the direct object and the indirect object are pronouns, put the direct object before the indirect object and use to or for with the indirect object. The teacher gave an assignment to the students

12.    When both the direct object and the indirect object are pronouns, put the direct object before the indirect object and use to or for with the indirect object. The teacher gave an assignment to the students

13.    To expand the basic one-clause-sentence, you can add manner (how?), place (where?) and time (when? how often?) modifiers. These usually appear in the above mentioned order. 

14.    To expand the basic one-clause-sentence, you can add manner (how?), place (where?) and time (when? how often?) modifiers. These usually appear in the above mentioned order. An easy formula to help you remember the basic word order for a basic English sentence is: 
Subject-Verb-Object-Manner-Place-Time, or conversely the acronym SVOMPT (pronounced like swamp). You usually do not have to include all six parts, but if you do, this order is recommended.

15.    A complement is an element appearing in the predicate that renames or describes a subject or an object. A subject complement is a noun, pronoun, or adjective that follows a linking verb (e.g. be, look, appear). An object complement follows a direct object and either renames or describes it.

16.    A modifier is a word or group of words that describes or limits other words. Modifiers can appear in both the subject and the predicate of the sentence. Modifiers may be single words, phrases or whole clauses.

Check out these examples:

1. That I sold him
2. Which is located in Italy
3. Who is intelligent
4. Whom we met after the movie
5. Whose writing is always intriguing
6. When the leaves turn colors and fall
7. Where I went to elementary school
8. Why the movie was a flop
9. That was a bestseller
10. Who live by the ocean

A complete sentence has three characteristics:

• First, it begins with a capital letter.
• In addition, it includes an end mark—either a period [ . ], question mark [ ? ], or exclamation point [ ! ].
• Most importantly, the complete sentence must contain at least one main clause. Each main clause contains an independent subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.

Check out these examples:

1.         The banana rotting at the bottom of Jimmy's book bag has soaked his biology notes with ooze.

2.         Did you notice the cricket swimming in your cup of tea?

3.         I cannot believe that you tried one of those disgusting chocolate-broccoli muffins!

4.         Because hungry sharks flashed on the surface of the waves, Mike and Sarah decided to return their surfboards to the car.

5.         Leonardo grabbed the pot handle with his bare hands,spilling the hot spaghetti sauce all over his new suede shoes.

6.         Danny sold half of his comic book collection to buy nice jewelry for his greedy girlfriend Gloria.

7.         For example, April found a mailbox stuffed with bills, two dozen messages on the answering machine, an uppity cat, and a dead lawn.

8.         Sherry turned the doorknob and peeked into the room, risking the wrath of Mrs. Mauzy, who has no patience for students walking into class late.

9.         Spilling the hot spaghetti sauce all over his new suede shoes.

10.       For example, a mailbox stuffed with bills, two dozen messages on the answering machine, an uppity cat, and a dead lawn.

What is the difference between Sentence and Clause?

• A sentence is complete in construction and sense. In other words, it contains subject, object and verb as the case may be. A clause, on the other hand, is incomplete in the sense. This is the main difference between sentence and clause.

• There are several kinds of sentences such as declarative or assertive sentence, interrogative sentence, exclamatory sentence and imperative sentences.

• It can be said that a clause forms a part of a sentence.

• A clause usually contains a subject and a predicate. It does not contain an object. On the other hand, a sentence contains an object too. This is the main difference between sentence and clause.

Referensi

http://www.whitesmoke.com/basic-clause-structure

http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/completesentence.htm

https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-sentence-and-vs-clause/